Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Patients with Catecholominergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia.

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor gene (RyR2) underlie catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), an inherited arrhythmogenic disease occurring in the structurally intact heart. The proportion of patients with CPVT carrying RyR2 mutations is unknown, and the clinical features of RyR2-CPVT as compared with nongenotyped CPVT are undefined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with documented polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias occurring during physical or emotional stress with a normal heart entered the study. The clinical phenotype of the 30 probands and of 118 family members was evaluated, and mutation screening on the RyR2 gene was performed. Arrhythmias documented in probands were: 14 of 30 bidirectional ventricular tachycardia, 12 of 30 polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and 4 of 30 catecholaminergic idiopathic ventricular fibrillation; RyR2 mutations were identified in 14 of 30 probands (36% bidirectional ventricular tachycardia, 58% polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, 50% catecholaminergic idiopathic ventricular fibrillation) and in 9 family members (4 silent gene carriers). Genotype-phenotype analysis showed that patients with RyR2 CPVT have events at a younger age than do patients with nongenotyped CPVT and that male sex is a risk factor for syncope in RyR2-CPVT (relative risk=4.2). CONCLUSIONS: CPVT is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease manifesting beyond pediatric age with a spectrum of polymorphic arrhythmias. beta-Blockers reduce arrhythmias, but in 30% of patients an implantable defibrillator may be required. Genetic analysis identifies two groups of patients: Patients with nongenotyped CPVT are predominantly women and become symptomatic later in life; patients with RyR2 CPVT become symptomatic earlier, and men are at higher risk of cardiac events. These data provide a rationale for prompt evaluation and treatment of young men with RyR2 mutations

Ressuscitação cardiopulmonar com a utilização do desfibrilador externo semi-automático: avaliação do processo ensino-aprendizagem Resucitador cardiopulmonar con utilización del disfibrilador externo semiautomático: evaluación del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje Cardiopulmonary resuscitation with semi-automated external defibrillator: assessment of the teaching-learning process

Estudos demonstram que a sobrevida após uma parada cardíaca diminui 10% para cada minuto de atraso na desfibrilação, e que a taxa de sobrevivência é de 98% quando ela é conseguida em 30 segundos. No atendimento de uma parada cardíaca, é primordial que seja incluído no treinamento a utilização dos desfibriladores externos semi-automáticos (DEA). O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a Habilidade Psicomotora e o Conhecimento Teórico de leigos na técnica da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP) utilizando o DEA, antes e após treinamento. A amostra constituiu-se de 40 funcionários administrativos de uma instituição pública que receberam treinamento da técnica da RCP, utilizando o DEA, em laboratório. O aumento significativo de acertos nos itens do instrumento de avaliação da Habilidade Psicomotora e do Conhecimento Teórico, após o treinamento, indica que houve melhora no desempenho dos participantes.<br>Los estudios demuestran que la sobrevida después de un paro cardíaco disminuye el 10% por cada minuto de atraso en la desfibrilación y que la tasa de supervivencia es del 98% cuando se consigue en 30 segundos. En la atención de un paro cardíaco es primordial que se incluya en la capacitación la utilización de los desfibriladores externos semi-automáticos (DEA). El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la Habilidad Psicomotora y el Conocimiento Teórico de legos en la técnica de la resucitación cardiopulmonar (RCP) utilizando el DEA, antes y después de la capacitación. La muestra estuvo formada por 40 empleados administrativos de una institución pública que recibieron capitación en la técnica de RCP, utilizando el DEA, en laboratorio. El aumento significativo de aciertos en los ítems del instrumento de evaluación de la habilidad Psicomotora y del Conocimiento teórico, después de la capacitación, indica que hubo mejora en el desempeño de los participantes para realizar la RCP con el uso del DEA.<br>Studies demonstrate that, for every minute delayed on defibrillating a heart arrest patient, survival chances decrease by 10%, and that the same chances of survival are 98% effective when it is employed within 30 seconds. While attending a heart arrest patient, it is crucial that the use of external semi-automated defibrillator (AED) is included in the training. The purpose of the present study is to compare Psychomotor Ability and the Theoretical Knowledge of lay people on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using AED, before and after training. This sample was composed of 40 administrative workers of a public institution that were trained on CPR technique using EAD, as an experiment. The significantly higher scores in the assessment instrument items of Psychomotor Ability and Theoretical Knowledge, after training, indicates that the participants have presented improvements in their performances

Escherichia coli in animals

Escherichia coli is the most widely studied bacterium over the world. It is well known that E. coli is the predominant non-pathogenic microbiota of warm blood species; however, some strains have developed the ability to cause severe diseases. Taking into account the diversity in American countries, this chapter examines the complex situation of puzzling intestinal pathogenic E. coli, also called diarrheagenic, (enteropathogenic E. coli, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, diffusely adherent E. coli), and extra-intestinal E. coli (uropathogenic E. coli, neonatal meningitis-associated E. coli, avian pathogenic E. coli, sepsis-associated E. coli, mammary pathogenic E. coli, endometrial pathogenic E. coli, and necrotoxigenic E. coli) in animals. In addition to E. coli associated animal diseases, the role of carriers and reservoirs are presented, including the last regional references from synanthropic and wild animals. Findings of the last 5 years are discussed and data of the eco-epidemiology of E. coli is also included. Considering the concept of One Health, that recognizes that health of humans is connected to health of animals and the environment, the strategies to diminish illness in human population cannot exclude control and vigilance of pathogenic strains in animals. However, in E. coli control, strategies distinguish between those strains that produce animal illness and those that affect humans and have an animal reservoir. The different proposed ways to E. coli control are also discussed.Fil: Etcheverría, Analía Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Lucchesi, Paula Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Krüger, Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Bentancor, Adriana Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Padola, Nora Lía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentin